<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8371416765126035498</id><updated>2009-09-30T20:17:47.006-07:00</updated><title type='text'>music community prolinx</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8371416765126035498/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>W15NU</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12237919261631543224</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>3</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8371416765126035498.post-6587849363203438905</id><published>2007-10-23T07:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-23T07:46:44.064-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="kiri"&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td bgcolor="#90c9f9" width="1"&gt;&lt;img src="http://septianka.web.ugm.ac.id/themes/biru/dot.gif" alt="Music, Song, Lyrics, Guitar Chords" width="1" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="tambahan" width="10"&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="tambahan" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="kotak"&gt;&lt;img src="http://septianka.web.ugm.ac.id/images/079.gif" alt="lirik lagu - song lyrics" /&gt;   Lirik Lagu&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;script lnguage="javascript"&gt; function redir(mylist){ if (newurl=mylist.options[mylist.selectedIndex].value) document.location=newurl;}&lt;/script&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Bip&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;table class="tabel" border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%"&gt;              &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr class="kanan"&gt;&lt;td width="40%"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Title&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width="40%"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Album&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width="20%"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sender&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr parameters="#f6f6eb ~ #CCFFCC ~ 300 ~ 300" style="background: rgb(246, 246, 235) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" onclick="javascript:location.href='./lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-1000-puisi-716-103.html';"&gt;&lt;td width="40%"&gt;&lt;a href="http://septianka.web.ugm.ac.id/lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-1000-puisi-716-103.html"&gt;1000 Puisi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td title="" width="40%"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width="20%"&gt;webmaster&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr parameters="#f6f6eb ~ #CCFFCC ~ 300 ~ 300" style="background: rgb(246, 246, 235) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" onclick="javascript:location.href='./lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-aku-gemuk-lagi-717-103.html';"&gt;&lt;td width="40%"&gt;&lt;a href="http://septianka.web.ugm.ac.id/lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-aku-gemuk-lagi-717-103.html"&gt;Aku Gemuk Lagi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td title="" width="40%"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width="20%"&gt;webmaster&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr parameters="#f6f6eb ~ #CCFFCC ~ 300 ~ 300" style="background: rgb(246, 246, 235) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" onclick="javascript:location.href='./lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-koncianmu-718-103.html';"&gt;&lt;td width="40%"&gt;&lt;a href="http://septianka.web.ugm.ac.id/lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-koncianmu-718-103.html"&gt;Koncianmu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td title="" width="40%"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width="20%"&gt;webmaster&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr parameters="#f6f6eb ~ #CCFFCC ~ 300 ~ 300" style="background: rgb(246, 246, 235) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" onclick="javascript:location.href='./lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-sampai-nanti-719-103.html';"&gt;&lt;td width="40%"&gt;&lt;a href="http://septianka.web.ugm.ac.id/lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-sampai-nanti-719-103.html"&gt;Sampai Nanti&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td title="" width="40%"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width="20%"&gt;webmaster&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr parameters="#f6f6eb ~ #CCFFCC ~ 300 ~ 300" style="background: rgb(246, 246, 235) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" onclick="javascript:location.href='./lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-turun-dari-langit-720-103.html';"&gt;&lt;td width="40%"&gt;&lt;a href="http://septianka.web.ugm.ac.id/lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-turun-dari-langit-720-103.html"&gt;Turun Dari Langit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td title="" width="40%"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width="20%"&gt;webmaster&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr parameters="#f6f6eb ~ #CCFFCC ~ 300 ~ 300" style="background: rgb(246, 246, 235) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" onclick="javascript:location.href='./lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-skak-mat!-721-103.html';"&gt;&lt;td width="40%"&gt;&lt;a href="http://septianka.web.ugm.ac.id/lihat-lirik-lagu-bip-skak-mat%21-721-103.html"&gt;Skak Mat!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td title="" width="40%"&gt;-&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width="20%"&gt;webmaster&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8371416765126035498-6587849363203438905?l=w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com/feeds/6587849363203438905/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8371416765126035498&amp;postID=6587849363203438905' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8371416765126035498/posts/default/6587849363203438905'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8371416765126035498/posts/default/6587849363203438905'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com/2007/10/lirik-lagu-function-redirmylist-if.html' title=''/><author><name>W15NU</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12237919261631543224</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15707168347923624272'/></author><thr:total xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8371416765126035498.post-1263843016329366576</id><published>2007-10-18T10:46:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-18T11:03:29.619-07:00</updated><title type='text'>PLASTIK VS BIP</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;PLASTIK VS BIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="bodytext"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;keduanya mengusung musik rock (entah jenis yang mana) tapi keunikan yang mereka miliki mampu membuat mereka memiliki penggemar fanatisnya sendiri-sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Musik keduanya yang mungkin bisa dibilang "agak aneh", seperti yang muncul di lagu Statis-nya Plastik, chord2 minor dan melodi yang unik, dipadu dengan lirik yang terkesan sinis membuat lagu ini memukau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atau lagu Koncianmu dari BIP, rasanya lagu ini kuat di melodi yang catchy dan lirik yang sangat menggelitik. Isi liriknya mungkin terkesan terlalu Pede untuk sebagian orang, tapi di sinilah menariknya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lalu single hits Bip 'Sampai Nanti'. Dengan melodi yang menghanyutkan, saat didengarkan oleh orang-orang dengan cerita yang sama, lagu ini bisa sangat bermakna.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table class="musictable" width="100%"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Statis&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Insting Psiko &amp;amp; Harmoni&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plastik&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;a href="http://multiply.com/benefits/8?event=event9&amp;amp;xurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.roo46.multiply.com%2Fsong%2F1%2F55%2Ffull%2FU2FsdGVkX1.FR0wvCyj.vAF1HKzX.wWEl1QIvRcMPkyPusrlO54aAQ%3D%3D%2FPlastik%2520-%2520Statis.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sampai Nanti&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Min Plus&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;BIP&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;a href="http://multiply.com/benefits/8?event=event9&amp;amp;xurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.roo46.multiply.com%2Fsong%2F1%2F56%2Ffull%2FU2FsdGVkX1.FR0wvCyj.vFekmz6BQw08FAzyS1KkhA3D75PcNrhprg%3D%3D%2FBIP%2520-%2520Sampai%2520Nanti.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seperti&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Plastik&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;a href="http://multiply.com/benefits/8?event=event9&amp;amp;xurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.roo46.multiply.com%2Fsong%2F1%2F57%2Ffull%2FU2FsdGVkX1.FR0wvCyj.vPupb5ItnbCKTT7Zfb9NJxruWV5d3Ci9kQ%3D%3D%2FPlastik%2520-%2520Seperti.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;koncianmu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;BIP&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;a href="http://multiply.com/benefits/8?event=event9&amp;amp;xurl=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.roo46.multiply.com%2Fsong%2F1%2F58%2Ffull%2FU2FsdGVkX1.FR0wvCyj.vEJ9NyjqMVi7w5NL9yGLyPdrPmdxnaohsw%3D%3D%2FBIP_koncianmu.mp3"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8371416765126035498-1263843016329366576?l=w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com/feeds/1263843016329366576/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8371416765126035498&amp;postID=1263843016329366576' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8371416765126035498/posts/default/1263843016329366576'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8371416765126035498/posts/default/1263843016329366576'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com/2007/10/plastik-vs-bip.html' title='PLASTIK VS BIP'/><author><name>W15NU</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12237919261631543224</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15707168347923624272'/></author><thr:total xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8371416765126035498.post-4081188338631060918</id><published>2007-10-18T09:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-10-18T09:51:55.556-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='music'/><title type='text'>Rock 'n' Roll</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Rock 'n' Roll&lt;/b&gt; (short for &lt;b&gt;Rock and Roll&lt;/b&gt;), is a genre of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music" title="Music"&gt;music&lt;/a&gt; that evolved in the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"&gt;United States&lt;/a&gt; in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and quickly spread to the rest of the world. It later spawned the various sub-genres of what is now called simply '&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music"&gt;rock music&lt;/a&gt;'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table class="infobox" style="width: 20em; text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr align="center"&gt;&lt;th colspan="2" style="background-color: crimson;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music"&gt;Rock music&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Stylistic origins:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong class="selflink"&gt;Rock and roll&lt;/strong&gt;, ultimately &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues" title="Blues"&gt;blues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues"&gt;jump blues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues"&gt;Chicago blues&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music"&gt;country music&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&amp;amp;B"&gt;R&amp;amp;B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (mostly  and &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Cultural origins:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Late &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940s" title="1940s"&gt;1940s&lt;/a&gt; United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Typical &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument"&gt;instruments&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar"&gt;Guitar&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar"&gt;Bass&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drums" title="Drums"&gt;Drums&lt;/a&gt;, often also &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboards" title="Keyboards"&gt;Keyboards&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Mainstream popularity:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td style="border-bottom: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Much, constant and worldwide since the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950s" title="1950s"&gt;1950s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th style="text-align: center;" valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Derivative forms:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;td style="text-align: center;" valign="top"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock"&gt;Alternative rock&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music"&gt;Heavy metal&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock"&gt;Punk rock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2  style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Characteristics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The beat is essentially a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie_woogie" title="Boogie woogie"&gt;boogie woogie&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues" title="Blues"&gt;blues&lt;/a&gt; rhythm with an accentuated &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backbeat" title="Backbeat"&gt;backbeat&lt;/a&gt;, the latter almost always provided by a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum"&gt;snare drum&lt;/a&gt;. Classic rock and roll is played with one electric guitar or two electric guitars (one lead, one rhythm), a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass"&gt;string bass&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar"&gt;bass guitar&lt;/a&gt;, and a drum kit. In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late 1940s and early 1950s, either the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano"&gt;piano&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone"&gt;saxophone&lt;/a&gt; was often the lead instrument, but these were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the mid to late 1950s.&lt;/span&gt; or (after the mid-1950s) an electric &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The term 'rock and roll' was introduced to US audiences in the lyrics of many rhythm and blues records, starting around 1947. Three different songs with the title "Rock And Roll" were recorded in the late-1940's; one by Paul Bascomb in 1947, another by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Bill_Moore" title="Wild Bill Moore"&gt;Wild Bill Moore&lt;/a&gt; in 1948, and yet another by Doles Dickens in 1949, and the phrase was in constant use in the lyrics of R&amp;amp;B songs of the time period. One such record where the phrase was repeated throughout the song was "Rock And Roll Blues," recorded in 1949 by Erline "Rock And Roll" Harris. The phrase was also included in advertisements for the film, Wabash Avenue, starring &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Grable" title="Betty Grable"&gt;Betty Grable&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Mature" title="Victor Mature"&gt;Victor Mature&lt;/a&gt;. An ad for the movie that ran April 12, 1950 billed Ms. Grable as "...the first lady of rock and roll" and Wabash Avenue as "...the roaring street she rocked to fame". However, the movie takes place in 1893 so it can't refer to rock and roll music. The first mention of rock and roll as a musical style was in 1951 by disc jockey &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Freed" title="Alan Freed"&gt;Alan Freed&lt;/a&gt;, and the term referred to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues"&gt;rhythm and blues&lt;/a&gt; music.&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The massive popularity and eventual worldwide scope of rock and roll gave it an unprecedented social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll"&gt;origins of rock and roll&lt;/a&gt; lie in the late 1940s and early 1950s, as a mixing together of various popular musical genres of the time. These included the blues - particularly the electric forms being developed in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago"&gt;Chicago&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans"&gt;New Orleans&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas"&gt;Texas&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California"&gt;California&lt;/a&gt; and elsewhere - piano-based &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie_woogie" title="Boogie woogie"&gt;boogie woogie&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues"&gt;jump blues&lt;/a&gt;, which were collectively becoming known as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues"&gt;rhythm and blues&lt;/a&gt;. Also in the melting pot creating a new musical form were &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music"&gt;country and western&lt;/a&gt; music (particularly &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing"&gt;Western swing&lt;/a&gt;), and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music"&gt;gospel music&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Going back even further, rock and roll can trace one lineage to the old &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Points%2C_Manhattan" title="Five Points, Manhattan"&gt;Five Points, Manhattan&lt;/a&gt; district of mid-19th century &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City"&gt;New York City&lt;/a&gt;, the scene of the first fusion of heavily rhythmic African shuffles and sand dances with melody-driven European genres, particularly the Irish&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The term "rock and roll", as secular black slang for dancing or sex, appeared on record for the first time in 1922 on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trixie_Smith" title="Trixie Smith"&gt;Trixie Smith&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;i&gt;My Man Rocks Me With One Steady Roll&lt;/i&gt;". Even earlier, in 1916, the term "rocking and rolling" was used with a religious connotation, on the phonograph record "The Camp Meeting Jubilee" by an unnamed male quartette&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;he word "rock" had a long history in the English language as a metaphor for "to shake up, to disturb or to incite". &lt;i&gt;Rocking&lt;/i&gt; was a term used by black gospel singers in the American South to mean something akin to spiritual &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture"&gt;rapture&lt;/a&gt;. By the 1940s, however, the term was used as a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre"&gt;double entendre&lt;/a&gt;, ostensibly referring to dancing, but with the subtextual meaning of sex, as in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Brown_%28blues_musician%29" title="Roy Brown (blues musician)"&gt;Roy Brown&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Rocking_Tonight" title="Good Rocking Tonight"&gt;Good Rocking Tonight&lt;/a&gt;." The verb "roll" was a medieval metaphor which meant "having sex". Writers for hundreds of years have used the phrases "They had a roll in the hay" or "I rolled her in the clover"&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The terms were often used together ("rocking and rolling") to describe the motion of a ship at sea, for example as used in 1934 by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boswell_Sisters" title="Boswell Sisters"&gt;Boswell Sisters&lt;/a&gt; in their song "Rock and Roll" . Country singer Tommy Scott was referring to the motion of a railroad train in the 1951 "Rockin and Rollin'".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Though elements of rock and roll can be heard in country records of the 1930s, and in blues records from the 1920s, rock and roll did not acquire its name until the 1950s. An early form of rock and roll was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly"&gt;rockabilly&lt;/a&gt;, which combined the above elements with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz"&gt;jazz&lt;/a&gt;, influences from traditional &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian_folk_music" title="Appalachian folk music"&gt;Appalachian folk music&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music"&gt;gospel music&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;During the 1920s and 1930s, many white Americans enjoyed African-American jazz and blues performed by white musicians. More raunchy or obviously "black" music was usually relegated to "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_music" title="Race music"&gt;race music&lt;/a&gt;" outlets (music industry code for rhythm and blues stations) and was rarely heard by mainstream white audiences. A few black rhythm and blues musicians, notably &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan"&gt;Louis Jordan&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mills_Brothers" title="Mills Brothers"&gt;Mills Brothers&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ink_Spots" title="The Ink Spots"&gt;The Ink Spots&lt;/a&gt;, achieved crossover success, in some cases (such as Jordan's "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choo_Choo_Ch%27Boogie" title="Choo Choo Ch'Boogie"&gt;Choo Choo Ch'Boogie&lt;/a&gt;") with songs written by white songwriters. The Western swing genre in the 1930s, generally played by white musicians, also drew heavily on the blues and in turn directly influenced rockabilly and rock and roll, as can be heard, for example, on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills"&gt;Bob Wills&lt;/a&gt;' "Ida Red" (1938) and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Jones" title="Buddy Jones"&gt;Buddy Jones&lt;/a&gt;' "Rockin' Rollin' Mama" (1939).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;While rock and roll musicians increasingly wrote their own material, many of the earliest white rock and roll hits were covers or partial re-writes of earlier rhythm and blues or blues songs. Blues would continue to inspire rock performers for decades. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues"&gt;Delta blues&lt;/a&gt; artists such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Johnson_%28musician%29" title="Robert Johnson (musician)"&gt;Robert Johnson&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_James" title="Skip James"&gt;Skip James&lt;/a&gt; also proved to be important inspirations for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_blues" title="British blues"&gt;British blues&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock"&gt;rockers&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Yardbirds" title="The Yardbirds"&gt;The Yardbirds&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream_%28band%29" title="Cream (band)"&gt;Cream&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin"&gt;Led Zeppelin&lt;/a&gt;. The reverse, black artists making hits with covers of songs by white songwriters, although less common, did occur. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Milburn" title="Amos Milburn"&gt;Amos Milburn&lt;/a&gt; got a hit with &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Raye" title="Don Raye"&gt;Don Raye&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_The_Road_A_Piece" title="Down The Road A Piece"&gt;Down The Road A Piece&lt;/a&gt;," Maurice Rocco covered Raye's "Beat Me Daddy Eight To The Bar," and Wynonie Harris covered "Don't Roll Your Bloodshot Eyes At Me" by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Penny" title="Hank Penny"&gt;Hank Penny&lt;/a&gt; and "Oh, Babe" by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Prima" title="Louis Prima"&gt;Louis Prima&lt;/a&gt;, for the R&amp;amp;B market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2  style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Early Rock and Roll records&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;table style="text-align: left; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content"&gt; &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class="ambox-image"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class="ambox-text"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;This article needs additional &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"&gt;citations&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"&gt;verification&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please help &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rock_and_roll&amp;amp;action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rock_and_roll&amp;amp;action=edit" rel="nofollow"&gt;improve this article&lt;/a&gt; by adding &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"&gt;reliable references&lt;/a&gt;. Unsourced material may be &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fact" title="Template:Fact"&gt;challenged&lt;/a&gt; and removed.&lt;i&gt;(May 2007)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;dl style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;dd&gt; &lt;div class="noprint"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Main article: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_rock_and_roll_record" title="First rock and roll record"&gt;First rock and roll record&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;There is much debate as to what should be considered the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_rock_%26_roll_record" title="First rock &amp;amp; roll record"&gt;first rock &amp;amp; roll record&lt;/a&gt;. According to some experts, a leading contender is "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_88" title="Rocket 88"&gt;Rocket 88&lt;/a&gt;" by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Brenston" title="Jackie Brenston"&gt;Jackie Brenston&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ike_Turner" title="Ike Turner"&gt;Ike Turner&lt;/a&gt; and his band The Kings of Rhythm), recorded by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips"&gt;Sam Phillips&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records"&gt;Sun Records&lt;/a&gt; in 1951. Three years later, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Haley" title="Bill Haley"&gt;Bill Haley&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Around_the_Clock" title="Rock Around the Clock"&gt;Rock Around the Clock&lt;/a&gt;" (1954) became the first rock and roll song to top &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_magazine" title="Billboard magazine"&gt;Billboard magazine&lt;/a&gt;'s main sales and airplay charts, and opened the door worldwide for this new wave of popular culture. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone"&gt;Rolling Stone&lt;/a&gt; magazine argued in 2004 that "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That%27s_All_Right_%28Mama%29" title="That's All Right (Mama)"&gt;That's All Right (Mama)&lt;/a&gt;" (also 1954), Elvis Presley's first single for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records"&gt;Sun Records&lt;/a&gt; in Memphis, was the first rock and roll record&lt;sup id="_ref-5" class="reference"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll#_note-5" title=""&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. But, at the same time, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Joe_Turner" title="Big Joe Turner"&gt;Big Joe Turner&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shake%2C_Rattle_%26_Roll" title="Shake, Rattle &amp;amp; Roll"&gt;Shake, Rattle &amp;amp; Roll&lt;/a&gt;", later covered by Haley, was already at the top of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs" title="Hot R&amp;amp;B/Hip-Hop Songs"&gt;Billboard R&amp;amp;B charts&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; and his Delta Cats (in fact, &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Turner was one of many forerunners. His 1939 recording, "Roll 'em Pete," is close to '50s rock and roll. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe"&gt;Sister Rosetta Tharpe&lt;/a&gt; was also recording shouting, stomping music in the 1930s and 1940s that in some ways contained major elements of mid-1950s rock and roll. She scored hits on the pop charts as far back as 1938 with her gospel songs, such as "This Train" and "Rock Me", and in the 1940s with "Strange Things Happenin Every Day", "Up Above My Head", and "Down By The Riverside." Other significant records of the 1940s and early 1950s included &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Brown" title="Roy Brown"&gt;Roy Brown&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Rocking_Tonight" title="Good Rocking Tonight"&gt;Good Rocking Tonight&lt;/a&gt;" and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams"&gt;Hank Williams&lt;/a&gt;' "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Move_It_On_Over" title="Move It On Over"&gt;Move It On Over&lt;/a&gt;" (both 1947); &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Preston" title="Jimmy Preston"&gt;Jimmy Preston&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_the_Joint" title="Rock the Joint"&gt;Rock the Joint&lt;/a&gt;" and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino"&gt;Fats Domino&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fat_Man_%28song%29" title="The Fat Man (song)"&gt;The Fat Man&lt;/a&gt;" (both 1949); and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Paul_and_Mary_Ford" title="Les Paul and Mary Ford"&gt;Les Paul and Mary Ford&lt;/a&gt;'s "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_High_the_Moon" title="How High the Moon"&gt;How High the Moon&lt;/a&gt;" (1951).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Both rock and roll and boogie woogie have four beats (usually broken down into eight eighth-notes/quavers) to a bar, and are twelve-bar blues. Rock and roll however has a greater emphasis on the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backbeat" title="Backbeat"&gt;backbeat&lt;/a&gt; than boogie woogie. Little Richard combined boogie-woogie piano with a heavy &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backbeat" title="Backbeat"&gt;backbeat&lt;/a&gt; and over-the-top, shouted, gospel-influenced vocals that the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"&gt;Rock and Roll Hall of Fame&lt;/a&gt; says "blew the lid off the '50s." However, others before Little Richard were combining these elements, including &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquerita" title="Esquerita"&gt;Esquerita&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Gant" title="Cecil Gant"&gt;Cecil Gant&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Milburn" title="Amos Milburn"&gt;Amos Milburn&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_Red" title="Piano Red"&gt;Piano Red&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Gibson" title="Harry Gibson"&gt;Harry Gibson&lt;/a&gt;. Little Richard's wild style, with shouts and "wooo wooos," had itself been used by female gospel singers, including the 1940s' &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Williams" title="Marion Williams"&gt;Marion Williams&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Brown" title="Roy Brown"&gt;Roy Brown&lt;/a&gt; did a Little Richard style "yaaaaaaww" long before Richard in "Ain't No Rockin no More."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Diddley" title="Bo Diddley"&gt;Bo Diddley&lt;/a&gt;'s 1955 hit "Bo Diddley" backed with "I'm A Man" introduced a new, pounding beat, and unique guitar playing that inspired many artists. Other artists with early rock 'n' roll hits were &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry"&gt;Chuck Berry&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard"&gt;Little Richard&lt;/a&gt;, as well as many vocal &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop"&gt;doo-wop&lt;/a&gt; groups. Within the decade crooners such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Fisher_%28singer%29" title="Eddie Fisher (singer)"&gt;Eddie Fisher&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como"&gt;Perry Como&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patti_Page" title="Patti Page"&gt;Patti Page&lt;/a&gt;, who had dominated the previous decade of popular music, found their access to the pop charts significantly curtailed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;In 1951, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland%2C_Ohio" title="Cleveland, Ohio"&gt;Cleveland, Ohio&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey"&gt;disc jockey&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Freed" title="Alan Freed"&gt;Alan Freed&lt;/a&gt; began playing &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues"&gt;rhythm and blues&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKNR#WJW_Radio" title="WKNR"&gt;WJW&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moondog_Coronation_Ball" title="Moondog Coronation Ball"&gt;Moondog Coronation Ball&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;" on &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_21" title="March 21"&gt;March 21&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952" title="1952"&gt;1952&lt;/a&gt;. The event proved a huge drawing card — the first event had to be ended early due to overcrowding. Thereafter, Freed organized many rock and roll shows attended by both whites and blacks, further helping to introduce African-American musical styles to a wider audience.&lt;/span&gt; music for a multi-racial audience. Freed is credited with coining the phrase "rock and roll" to describe the music. While working as a disc jockey at radio station  in Cleveland, he also organized the first rock and roll concert, called "&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Rock and roll appeared at a time when racial tensions in the United States were coming to the surface. African Americans were protesting &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation"&gt;segregation&lt;/a&gt; of schools and public facilities. The "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal"&gt;separate but equal&lt;/a&gt;" doctrine was nominally overturned by the Supreme Court in 1954, and the difficult task of enforcing this new doctrine lay ahead. This new musical form combining elements of white and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American_music" title="African American music"&gt;black music&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; inevitably provoked strong reactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;After "The Moondog Coronation Ball", the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_industry" title="Record industry"&gt;record industry&lt;/a&gt; soon understood that there was a white market for black music that was beyond the stylistic boundaries of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues"&gt;rhythm and blues&lt;/a&gt;. Even the considerable prejudice and racial barriers could do nothing against &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy"&gt;market forces&lt;/a&gt;. Rock and roll was an overnight success in the U.S., making ripples across the Atlantic, and perhaps culminating in 1964 with the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion"&gt;British Invasion&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;From this early-1950s inception through the early 1960s, rock and roll music also spawned new dance crazes. Teenagers found the irregular rhythm of the backbeat especially suited to reviving the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jitterbug" title="Jitterbug"&gt;jitterbug&lt;/a&gt; dancing of the big-band era. "Sock-hops," gym dances, and home basement dance parties became the rage, and American teens watched &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Clark" title="Dick Clark"&gt;Dick Clark&lt;/a&gt;'s &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bandstand" title="American Bandstand"&gt;American Bandstand&lt;/a&gt; to keep up on the latest dance and fashion styles. From the mid-1960s on, as "rock and roll" yielded gradually to "rock," later dance genres followed, starting with the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twist" title="Twist"&gt;twist&lt;/a&gt;, and leading up to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk" title="Funk"&gt;funk&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco" title="Disco"&gt;disco&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_music" title="House music"&gt;house&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno" title="Techno"&gt;techno&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3  style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Rockabilly&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;"Rockabilly" usually (but not exclusively) refers to the type of rock and roll music which was played and recorded in the mid 1950s by white singers such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley"&gt;Elvis Presley&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins"&gt;Carl Perkins&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis"&gt;Jerry Lee Lewis&lt;/a&gt;, who openly drew on both the country and R&amp;amp;B roots of the music. Many of the other most popular rock and roll singers of the time, such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino"&gt;Fats Domino&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry"&gt;Chuck Berry&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard"&gt;Little Richard&lt;/a&gt;, came out of the black rhythm and blues tradition, making the music attractive to white audiences, and are not usually classed as "rockabilly".&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;In July 1954, Elvis Presley recorded the regional hit "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That%27s_All_Right_%28Mama%29" title="That's All Right (Mama)"&gt;That's All Right (Mama)&lt;/a&gt;" at &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips"&gt;Sam Phillips&lt;/a&gt;' &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Studio" title="Sun Studio"&gt;Sun studios&lt;/a&gt; in Memphis. Two months earlier in May 1954, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Haley_%26_His_Comets" title="Bill Haley &amp;amp; His Comets"&gt;Bill Haley &amp;amp; His Comets&lt;/a&gt; recorded "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Around_the_Clock" title="Rock Around the Clock"&gt;Rock Around the Clock&lt;/a&gt;". Although only a minor hit when first released, when used in the opening sequence of the movie &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackboard_Jungle" title="Blackboard Jungle"&gt;Blackboard Jungle&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; it really set the rock and roll boom in motion. The song became one of the biggest hits in history, and frenzied teens flocked to see Haley and the Comets perform it, causing riots in some cities. "Rock Around the Clock" was a breakthrough for both the group and for all of rock and roll music. If everything that came before laid the groundwork, "Clock" set the mold for everything else that came after.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3  style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;Covers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Through the late 1940s and early 1950s, R&amp;amp;B music had been gaining a stronger beat and a wilder style, with artists such as Fats Domino and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Otis" title="Johnny Otis"&gt;Johnny Otis&lt;/a&gt; speeding up the tempos and increasing the backbeat to great popularity on the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juke_joint" title="Juke joint"&gt;juke joint&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; circuit. Before the efforts of Freed and others, black music was taboo on many white-owned radio outlets. However, savvy artists and producers quickly recognized the potential of rock, and raced to cash in with white versions of this black music. White musicians also fell in love with the music and played it everywhere they could. Many of Presley's early hits were covers, like "That's All Right", "Baby, Let's Play House", "Lawdy Miss Clawdy" and "Hound Dog".&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Covering was customary in the music industry at the time; it was made particularly easy by the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_license" title="Compulsory license"&gt;compulsory license&lt;/a&gt; provision of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_copyright_law" title="United States copyright law"&gt;United States copyright law&lt;/a&gt; (still in effect ). One of the first successful rock and roll covers was &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynonie_Harris" title="Wynonie Harris"&gt;Wynonie Harris&lt;/a&gt;'s transformation of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Brown" title="Roy Brown"&gt;Roy Brown&lt;/a&gt;'s "Good Rocking Tonight" from a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues"&gt;jump blues&lt;/a&gt; to a showy rocker. The most notable trend, however, was white pop covers of black R&amp;amp;B numbers. Exceptions to this rule included Wynonie Harris covering the Louis Prima rocker "Oh Babe" in 1950, and Amos Milburn covering what may have been the first white rock and roll record, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardrock_Gunter" title="Hardrock Gunter"&gt;Hardrock Gunter&lt;/a&gt;'s "Birmingham Bounce," in 1949.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Black performers saw their songs recorded by white performers, an important step in the dissemination of the music, but often at the cost of feeling and authenticity (not to mention revenue). Most famously, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Boone" title="Pat Boone"&gt;Pat Boone&lt;/a&gt; recorded sanitized versions of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard"&gt;Little Richard&lt;/a&gt; songs, though Boone found "Long Tall Sally" so intense that he couldn't cover it. Later, as those songs became popular, the original artists' recordings received radio play as well. Little Richard once called Pat Boone from the audience and introduced him as "the man who made me a millionaire."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The cover versions were not necessarily straightforward imitations. For example, Bill Haley's incompletely bowdlerized cover of "Shake, Rattle and Roll" transformed Big Joe Turner's humorous and racy tale of adult love into an energetic teen dance number, while Georgia Gibbs replaced &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etta_James" title="Etta James"&gt;Etta James&lt;/a&gt;'s tough, sarcastic vocal in "Roll With Me, Henry" (covered as "Dance With Me, Henry") with a perkier vocal more appropriate for an audience unfamiliar with the song to which James's song was an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Answer_song" title="Answer song"&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Ballard" title="Hank Ballard"&gt;Hank Ballard&lt;/a&gt;'s "Work With Me, Annie."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;A &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_idol" title="Teen idol"&gt;teen idol&lt;/a&gt; was a recording artist who attracted a very large following of (mostly) female "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenagers" title="Teenagers"&gt;teenagers&lt;/a&gt;", because of their good looks and "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_appeal" title="Sex appeal"&gt;sex appeal&lt;/a&gt;" as much as their musical qualities, was probably &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra"&gt;Frank Sinatra&lt;/a&gt; in the 1940s, although a case can be made for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Vallee" title="Rudy Vallee"&gt;Rudy Vallee&lt;/a&gt; even earlier. With the birth of rock and roll, Elvis Presley became one of the greatest teen idols of them all. His success led promoters to the deliberate creation of new "rock and roll" idols, such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Avalon" title="Frankie Avalon"&gt;Frankie Avalon&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_Nelson" title="Ricky Nelson"&gt;Ricky Nelson&lt;/a&gt;. Other musicians of the time also achieved mass popularity. In 1959, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly"&gt;Buddy Holly&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritchie_Valens" title="Ritchie Valens"&gt;Ritchie Valens&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Bopper" title="The Big Bopper"&gt;the Big Bopper&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P._Richardson" title="J.P. Richardson"&gt;J.P. Richardson&lt;/a&gt;) were killed when a plane Holly had chartered from &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_City%2C_Iowa" title="Mason City, Iowa"&gt;Mason City, Iowa&lt;/a&gt;, to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargo%2C_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota"&gt;Fargo, North Dakota&lt;/a&gt; crashed in a corn field, after a performance at the Winter Dance Party.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;dl style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;dd&gt; &lt;div class="noprint"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Main article: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Day_the_Music_Died" title="The Day the Music Died"&gt;The Day the Music Died&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Teen idols of the rock and roll years were followed by many other artists with massive appeal to a teenaged audience, including the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatles" title="Beatles"&gt;Beatles&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkees" title="Monkees"&gt;Monkees&lt;/a&gt;. Teen idols were not only known for their catchy pop music, but good looks also played a large part in their successes. It was because of this that certain fan magazines, exclusively geared to the fans of teen idols (&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Magazine" title="16 Magazine"&gt;16 Magazine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_Beat" title="Tiger Beat"&gt;Tiger Beat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, etc.), were created. These monthly magazines typically featured a popular teen idol on the cover, as well as pin-up photographs, a Q&amp;amp;A, and a list of each idol's "faves" (i.e. favorite color, favorite vegetable, favorite hair color, etc.).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Teen idols also influenced toys, Saturday morning cartoons and other products. At the height of each teen idol's popularity, it was not uncommon to see Beatle wigs, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davy_Jones_%28actor%29" title="Davy Jones (actor)"&gt;Davy Jones&lt;/a&gt;' "love beads", or perhaps even &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%27s_Hermits" title="Herman's Hermits"&gt;Herman's Hermits&lt;/a&gt; lunchboxes for sale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a name="British_Rock_and_Roll" id="British_Rock_and_Roll"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2  style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span class="editsection"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;British Rock and Roll&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;dl style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;dd&gt; &lt;div class="noprint"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Main article: &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_rock" title="British rock"&gt;British rock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trad_jazz" title="Trad jazz"&gt;trad jazz&lt;/a&gt; movement brought blues artists to Britain, and in 1955 &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonnie_Donegan" title="Lonnie Donegan"&gt;Lonnie Donegan&lt;/a&gt;'s version of "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Island_Line_%28song%29" title="Rock Island Line (song)"&gt;Rock Island Line&lt;/a&gt;" began &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiffle_music" title="Skiffle music"&gt;skiffle music&lt;/a&gt; which inspired many young people to have a go. These included &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon"&gt;John Lennon&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney"&gt;Paul McCartney&lt;/a&gt;, whose group &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen"&gt;The Quarrymen&lt;/a&gt;, formed in March 1957, would gradually change and develop into &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles"&gt;The Beatles&lt;/a&gt;. These developments primed the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt; to respond creatively to American rock and roll, which had an impact across the globe. In Britain, skiffle groups, record collecting and trend-watching were in full bloom among the youth culture prior to the rock era, and colour barriers were less of an issue with the idea of separate "race records" seeming almost unimaginable. Countless British youths listened to R&amp;amp;B and rock pioneers and began forming their own bands. Britain quickly became a new center of rock and roll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;In 1958 three British teenagers became &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_Richard" title="Cliff Richard"&gt;Cliff Richard&lt;/a&gt; and the Drifters (later renamed &lt;i&gt;Cliff Richard and the Shadows&lt;/i&gt;). The group recorded a hit, "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Move_It" title="Move It"&gt;Move It&lt;/a&gt;", marking not only what is held to be the very first true British rock 'n' roll single, but also the beginning of a different sound — &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_rock" title="British rock"&gt;British rock&lt;/a&gt;. Richard and his band introduced&lt;sup class="noprint Template-Fact"&gt;&lt;span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since August 2007" style="white-space: nowrap;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; many important changes, such as using a "lead guitarist" (&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Marvin" title="Hank Marvin"&gt;Hank Marvin&lt;/a&gt;) and an &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar"&gt;electric bass&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The British scene developed, with others including &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Steele" title="Tommy Steele"&gt;Tommy Steele&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Faith" title="Adam Faith"&gt;Adam Faith&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Fury" title="Billy Fury"&gt;Billy Fury&lt;/a&gt; vying to emulate the stars from the U.S. Some touring acts attracted particular popularity in Britain, an example being &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Vincent" title="Gene Vincent"&gt;Gene Vincent&lt;/a&gt;. This inspired many British teens to begin buying records and follow the music scene, thus laying the groundwork for &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania"&gt;Beatlemania&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;At the start of the 1960s, instrumental dance music was very popular in the UK. Hits such as "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_%28single%29" title="Apache (single)"&gt;Apache&lt;/a&gt;" by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shadows" title="The Shadows"&gt;The Shadows&lt;/a&gt; and "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstar_%28song%29" title="Telstar (song)"&gt;Telstar&lt;/a&gt;" by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tornados" title="The Tornados"&gt;The Tornados&lt;/a&gt; form a British branch of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental"&gt;instrumental&lt;/a&gt; music.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;At the same time, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, R&amp;amp;B fans such as &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Korner" title="Alexis Korner"&gt;Alexis Korner&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones"&gt;The Rolling Stones&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Yardbirds" title="The Yardbirds"&gt;The Yardbirds&lt;/a&gt; in London, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Animals" title="The Animals"&gt;The Animals&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle-upon-Tyne" title="Newcastle-upon-Tyne"&gt;Newcastle&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Them" title="Them"&gt;Them&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast"&gt;Belfast&lt;/a&gt;. In the USA, such groups became part of the "&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion"&gt;British Invasion&lt;/a&gt;".&lt;/span&gt; promoted authentic American blues music directly in London clubs, and elsewhere, at a time when this music was declining in popularity back in the USA. This led directly to the formation of such groups as &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;The &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_and_roll" title="Social effects of rock and roll"&gt;social effects of rock and roll&lt;/a&gt; were worldwide and massive. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. In addition, rock and roll may have helped the cause of the civil rights movement because both African American teens and white American teens enjoyed the music. It also birthed many other rock influenced styles. Progressive, alternative, punk, and heavy metal/rock are just a few of the genres that sprang forth in the wake of Rock and Roll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;a name="Further_reading" id="Further_reading"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8371416765126035498-4081188338631060918?l=w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com'/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com/feeds/4081188338631060918/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8371416765126035498&amp;postID=4081188338631060918' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8371416765126035498/posts/default/4081188338631060918'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8371416765126035498/posts/default/4081188338631060918'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://w15nu-musiccommunityprolinx.blogspot.com/2007/10/rock-n-roll.html' title='Rock &apos;n&apos; Roll'/><author><name>W15NU</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12237919261631543224</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:extendedProperty xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' name='OpenSocialUserId' value='15707168347923624272'/></author><thr:total xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'>0</thr:total></entry></feed>